Information Systems and the level of integration reflects an enterprise, a department, and the whole level of national construction. Technical standards development and compliance is an important work, but can not copy the practices of industrialization. The face of complex and changing online world, middleware is the tool for comprehensive integration of information systems. Information Systems and the level of integration reflects an enterprise, a department, and the whole level of national construction. Technical standards development and compliance is an important work, but can not copy the practices of industrialization. The face of complex and changing online world, middleware is the tool for comprehensive integration of information systems.
1. The basis of new software
Following the operating system, middleware and database management system with the network after the rise and development of a new kind of basic software, can be regarded as the nodes in the network operating systems. Under a layer of network application systems support software.
From the perspective of software engineering, software engineering tasks in the final analysis, through engineering methods, to shorten or simplify the problems faced from the application space to the computer can provide the solution space of the mapping process, inhibiting or relieving the increasing application sophistication of the software may cause further aggravated the crisis.
Bare metal computer can provide the solution space is very simple. To enable the computer to provide more space near the problem solution space, appears in the bare metal on a wide range of infrastructure software. The final analysis, the task of infrastructure software to application software with various types of common or reusable components extracted application developers to provide more space near the problem solution space, thus significantly improving application development. Deployment and operation efficiency.
Operating system can be seen as directly above the packing in the bare metal hardware and software to help manage application resources layer of software, it provides a stand-alone applications convenient and effective than bare metal development, deployment and operating environment.
Database management system is a kind of centralized management and sharing of data as the main features of the basic software. The computer has a database management system for various transactions or applications with large data provide further space near the problem solution space.
The 21st century, the computer has entered the network-centric computing time. Middleware, by definition, is a kind of network environment from contractors on the (network application) Kai under (operating system) the role of infrastructure software. Its main role is to manage network resources, application software for the network to provide effective development, deployment and runtime platform, the solution which it is less space around the problems faced by network application space, which can be seen as support for rapidly building web applications basic software.
Computer bare metal. Operating system. Database management system. Middleware. Application software and the relationship between the problem space shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1, the problem space and solution space diagram at all levels
2. System integration tool
Compared with stand-alone application, network applications face the problem space is open. Evolution, distribution. Autonomous and heterogeneous network-based information is the inherent characteristics of application systems. As a support network applications, middleware, must support on-demand and change, to adapt to the online world and its applications development and changes to distribution networks throughout the autonomous, heterogeneous information systems effectively integrated for an integrated system.
In accordance with the I, "Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology" (2nd Edition) written by the entry, computer information systems is the use of computer acquisition, storage, processing, transmission and management of various types of information, and to human-computer interaction to provide information services computer application system, is a computer hardware, software and related applications organized in an integrated personnel system. The structure shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 The basic structure of computer information systems
Note that the information system are distributed in various parts of the Internet. To support a comprehensive integrated information system, a new generation of middleware usually distributed object technology, and software component software bus plus the overall structure of the object agent, news agents, adapters and wrappers and other mechanisms, and information systems around the basic structure, the establishment of the infrastructure on the basis of middleware, application software and then in-depth resource layer, business layer and presentation layer build applications middleware, specific applications for the establishment of the final field of application framework (or platform) to support the full range of information comprehensive system integration.
Third, interpretation of middleware technology
As mentioned earlier, the middleware can be divided based middleware, application middleware and application framework for three types of areas. Among them, the application integration middleware main data sources, application resources and integration, business process integration, portal integration middleware.
1. Based middleware by the underlying communication middleware and application server middleware component.
It was known as the underlying communication middleware software bus, whose role is to shield the infrastructure layer of the various heterogeneous networks and operating systems, transparency in the case of the physical location of remote objects to achieve communication and exchange of visits between. In the distributed object middleware, each service entity generally packaged into an object, and the remote object the establishment of its agents, the main task of the soft bus across the network, the objects are in different areas to connect agents and service entities, which effectively solve the remote object access.
Application Server is the underlying communication middleware for the core structures, and is currently the most active part of the middleware. The role of the operating system with a single machine is similar to the major is a hardware and software resources of all kinds of network scheduling and management of distributed network applications for the various types of common services as well as parts of the development, deployment and Yunhanghuanjing, its basic composition ( with the kernel) shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 main components of the application server
You can see, the application server generally consists of four parts. Interoperability Framework is to support the underlying communication between heterogeneous network; container system is provided for the upper components of the various objects the runtime environment; support tools are provided for network application development, deployment and management tools; addition to the application of public service system services required for the server itself, the main system for network applications such as messaging services, transaction services, and has in common with a certain standard of service.
2. Data integration middleware is for information system (data) resources, built layer, whose role is to achieve different sources, format, nature of the data extraction, conversion and packaging, to integrate various heterogeneous data sources and provide A unified high-level access services. To this end, the middleware needs down coordinate database management system, integrated data applications up to provide a unified data model, and common data access interfaces. How to solve the heterogeneity of data, completeness and semantic conflict, is the key middleware technology.
3. Application code integration middleware and business process integration middleware for information systems are built the business layer. The former use of adaptive mechanisms to a variety of new and legacy application code into the various methods of unified standard application interfaces, and packaging information in the form, and then through the message broker mechanism, application of resources to achieve the interconnection between the cross-network, exchange and interoperability. The latter is the entire life cycle of business process management and control, coordination of resources involved in the process the application code for the dynamic implementation of the relationship between, and monitor and analyze the status of implementation. Business process integration middleware usually provides visual development approach.
4. Portal for information systems integration middleware is built performance level, its role is different according to application requirements, call the information systems business layer, resource layer and infrastructure layer software, for the different roles of users personalized services. To this end, it offers features generally include: a centralized portal management and development, personalized content organization and management, single point of authentication log, and unified and intuitive user interface.
5. The field of application platform is built on top of the layers of middleware, applications for specific areas of information systems platforms, such as specific government departments for various e-government platforms for enterprises of all types of electronic specific business platform, ERP platform, CRM platform, SCM platforms.
IV Conclusion
In the base software, if the operating system and database management system independent R & D, we have lost a lot of opportunities, then cut into the middleware provides us a good opportunity for infrastructure software. This is because the middleware technology is an open technology, operating systems and network applications ranging from the vast expanse of territory between the middleware are the ride of the territory. So far, the world has not yet emerged from the monopoly role of middleware products, and our middleware technology in the wake early, run faster. 863 such programs in the state support, the National Defense University, Chinese Academy of Sciences software, Peking University and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and other domestic research institutes have developed a high degree of product, with the international advanced technology, the outcome of simultaneous development of middleware; China has emerged in the creative software middleware, TongTech, and prestige in the software, middleware and a number of Kingdee middleware product development in a professional company, and in the financial, telecommunications, transportation, government, military and other fields were a large number of successful applications achieved obvious social and economic benefits. In research institutes and software enterprises, the results achieved at least four National Science and Technology Progress Award. Along with the deepening of information technology, we have reason to believe that: with independent intellectual property rights of domestic middleware products will results and information construction in China play an increasingly critical role.