Whether LAN, MAN or WAN, in physics are usually cards, hubs, switches, routers, network cable, RJ45 connectors and other network connectivity devices and transmission media composition. With the continuous expansion of network size, number of devices constitute a network in the rapidly expanding variety of equipment are constantly renovated, if these devices do not carry out routine maintenance, no regular maintenance on them, will cause a lot of long days of inexplicable failure, and these failures hidden high, not easy to find, so you headache. If you encounter unexpected situations, such as lightning, if you usually do not do adequate protection measures, perhaps immediately reimburse you for your equipment.
The so-called: "usually do not burn incense, cramming," when network performance, network service termination, you just have to hurry one by one testing each network device, this will consume a large amount of manpower, material, and it is difficult in a short time affect performance and accurate positioning of service equipment failures, ranging from delays in the normal work, heavy equipment will result in damage, causing heavy losses, so the daily maintenance of network equipment, the focus can not be ignored.
As the saying goes: "preventive measures", network equipment, as we all parts of the body's organs, each organ in our body will be healthy and normal ventilation in blood. The network is no different, only the network cards, hubs, switches, routers, network cable, RJ45 connectors and other network connectivity devices and transmission media normal operation, the network would be conducted smoothly. Know through our own exercise, pay attention to health, safety, regular medical examinations to maintain their body, then the maintenance of network equipment, how should it? I believe that anti-power, anti-lightning, anti-static, anti-dust, anti-electromagnetic interference, moisture and heat, among other measures is not small.
(A) of the anti-power
In today's regular power supply shortage situation, electricity power cuts have been implemented on the enterprise is a common phenomenon, and insufficient power supply voltage of the process will occur due to intermittent power supply fluctuated (voltage too low if less than 150V; or too high, such as higher than 260V) of the instability, and instability due to power often leads to LAN routers, switches, servers and other kinds of devices can not work continuously, at worst affect the Internet quality, long-term this will significantly shorten equipment life. So, to protect network equipment "health", we must provide them with excellent stability UPS power system. UPS power supply network can solve problems such as: power outages, lightning spikes, surges, frequency of vibration, voltage mutations, voltage fluctuations, frequency drift, voltage drop, pulse interference and so on, and sophisticated network equipment is not allowed to have electricity intermittent, and therefore to the server, large switches, routers, the core of the network center is equipped with UPS to be more self-evident.
The protection of network devices, but God's own UPS using a simple but relatively squeamish, science and maintenance will extend the maintenance life of UPS. Maintenance methods include: try not to take inductance. Should not be loaded or over light-load, full load condition will directly affect the long-term UPS life, under normal circumstances, the load-line UPS should be controlled at 70% to 80%, while the back-loading type of UPS, should be controlled at 60% ~ 70 %. You must also protect the battery, although it seems that it does not require maintenance, but care and attention, it will also break down, the battery is required 0 ~ 30 ℃ environment, work, 25 ℃ when the most efficient. Thus, in winter, summer, UPS must pay attention to the working environment, high temperatures will shorten battery life, low temperature, and will fall short of the nominal delay. Furthermore, we need regular maintenance, if not the local long-term power failure, three people must be regularly interrupt the power supply to UPS with a load discharge. Finally, it should put UPS on good local ventilation cooling.
(B) against lightning
More mined areas are not uncommon in China, to Guangzhou, for example, average annual thunderstorm up to 80.3 times, so because of lightning damage to the number of enterprises and owners of many Internet cafes. According to Qno QNO technology engineers survey, 30% of network equipment failures are related to lightning related. Overhead and out of the building is now a variety of data transmission lines (such as power lines, power lines, signal lines, cable lines, telephone lines, etc.) Long-term exposure is found in lightning protection devices, the most vulnerable to the intrusion of lightning. If you do not make adequate lightning protection measures, attacks on the network equipment by lightning are often very heavy losses, may be directly caused by the server, switch, HUB and card burning and network devices such as paralysis of the long period. Sometimes lightning induced voltage caused by lack of network equipment in a Jihuai, even if there was no cause network failure, however, the cumulative impact of over-voltage network equipment, network equipment can easily lead to parts of the aging network equipment life so dramatically decreased, while the old equipment is more easily damaged, seriously affecting the network stability.
Method of network equipment, mine is mainly good equipment grounding device and installation of effective lightning protection system. The first thing is the safety of ground network equipment, but also make more use of the wireless AP bridge signal to reduce exposure. In addition, the network is generally divided into the lightning protection system lightning protection lightning protection devices and network devices, namely the power to protect networks and network signaling. For high-precision network equipment protection needs, at their pre-set the power supply input lightning protection devices, this can be hit along the power line lightning invasion wave overvoltage protection outside. The network devices are generally divided into the mine air gap interval type and semiconductor type, lightning protection devices currently available over the network devices to form three different ways, first-class from the Chase for the primary flow of gas discharge tube protection to reduce the residual pressure and stemming the flow of most of lightning into the earth; the second level with decoupling resistors or PTC for blocking delay and partial pressure, to meet the first three components of the feature requirements; III by TVS fine-protection to further reduce the residual pressure to reach the safety of the equipment voltage requirements. For example: Jie Rui (JaRa) 3207 terminal lightning protection devices, Ping Yu SJ05FF4H into the layer of SPD, Lei Xun (ASP) RJ45-XE Series backbone SPD is a good choice.
(C) anti-static
We all know that electrostatic discharge (ElectroStatic Discharge, ESD) is likely to cause damage to computer hardware and peripherals, so static electricity network equipment be able to escape fate. Static electricity is ubiquitous, the above-mentioned nature of the lightning is under severe convective weather phenomena typical of ESD, but the daily life of the ESD phenomenon is happening frequently. As chip technology advances in network equipment, the chip will improve the speed and functionality, but chips are more vulnerable. A not too high ESD voltage transistor breakdown could be a very large ESD current will be able to connect fuse. Since static electricity is a network device is an invisible killer, then we normally would on the effective maintenance of network equipment and maintenance, and to take proper precautions.
(1) Each part of the network devices to maintain good contact to have reliable grounding. The focus on vulnerable equipment against ESD should be carried out in its external shielding and isolation.
(2) northern autumn and winter should be used in the humidifier to maintain a certain indoor air humidity, to prevent static electricity in the equipment, furniture and physical accumulation.
(3) the need to open the equipment maintenance, standard practice is to wear anti-static gloves, but the majority of the ordinary user, you can cut off the power first, and hand on the wall or water pipes for a while, to let go its static.
The author himself has encountered such a case, that is, as static electricity causes the router to set parameters missing. The author's local area network, using ADSL pppoe mode access, use router to share Internet access, and all the computers are connecting to the router through the switch, use the nearly two years has always been normal, but winter always appear after the loss of the router to set parameters can cause Internet failure, left Charles without the right search results, and later found that all the network equipment in one place, and computer connection cable cross together, then immediately alert may be static to blame, routers and switches immediately into side, clean up after power failure, re-fixed installed, troubleshooting.
(D) Anti-dust
Dust, is the extent of its damage can not be underestimated. Therefore, routers, switches and other network equipment, dust is also very important effort, and if too much dust, clean the dust is not that time, your network will be some fanciful failure, serious or even burning device inside the chip. If you think I said on the routers, switches, the harm is "alarmist", and then the card you believe me. When the computer at work, would produce a certain electrostatic field, magnetic field, together with power supply and CPU fan running suction generated, will be suspended in the air of dust particles sucked into the case and stay in the host, graphics and network card. If the occasional cleaning, dust will be cumulative, serious, and even insulation board will decrease, which lead to short circuit, poor contact, mildew, caused by hardware failure. Should be regularly open the case, with a clean soft cloth, not easy to shed a small brush, blowing balloons and other tools, chassis parts, including the card for dust removal.
If the card is not a long time to clean, dust too much plot, plus the air is humid, it will result in some cards on the chip circuit between pins, and the board can not be good for data exchange, when the time there will be many strange network problems, severe card will be reimbursed. In addition, other network equipment is the same, and should always dust, such as crystal heads, routing, switches, interfaces and so easy to "contamination of satisfied sense of shame" where we should pay more attention to maintenance of the. If you want to remove the router, switch panel of dust, can damp soft cloth and neutral high concentration of lotion to wipe, finished with the mop without washing with water after, left in the dust the top of the lotion help to isolate the next cleaning Just wipe with a wet towel can be carried out.
(E) EMI
Data cable to transfer, it will be a wide range of effects of electromagnetic interference is a major aspect, so when we were wiring cable to avoid electromagnetic interference should be regional. Everything in line even after the maintenance, in addition to not always be bent to the cable pulling and using heavy outside pressure, such as motors, speakers and radio transmitters and receivers, also have cable and network equipment from farther away, to ensure network signal does not from external radiation. Also, the network card inside the computer case interference would occur frequently, because the graphics card and plug too close because interference may still occur. Interference is not serious, the card can barely work when the user data traffic is not always feel, but with a large amount of data traffic, in Windows98 will appear under the "network of insufficient resources" message, causing the phenomenon of the machine crashes.
I have a friend at home after installing ADSL, Internet much faster, but very unstable, and often dropped. Have re-installed the operating system, and replace the cards and the like and exclude the possibility of software problems, but the situation is not improved. Then one day at noon, a friend found that speeds suddenly had improved dramatically, and no dropped calls, but at night they returned to the old look. Then carefully check the line and found the original transformers line next to the time at noon just did not work. View, is the transformer caused the problems caused by interference. Circuitous route was extended to the outside, bypassing the transformer, also used with superior shielding of the super-five shielded twisted pair, so the problem is resolved, the Internet speed is very stable.
(6) moisture heat
As routers, switches, hubs and other network equipment is composed of many closely the composition of electronic components, so be sure to place them in a dry place to prevent a short circuit caused by moisture. In particular, cable and telephone lines, over the wet environment in the crystal joints, easy to mold, oxidation, resulting in poor contact, which will result in lower connection speed. In addition, because network equipment during the operation of devices in the chip will be distributed a lot of heat, if not promptly be disseminated are likely to result in chip overheating, unusual work, it is best to routers, switches, hubs, etc. placed in the ventilated cool place. MM I have a friend, a year later to a decorative cover to the router, and asked the why, "euphemistically called" Dust. There are a man, and that MM On the contrary, extremely dirty, a lot of books on the desktop, debris and the like, the router or surrounded by dense, and indeed, the routing would like to get some fresh air is also said than done!
Summary:
In fact, maintenance of network equipment and a lot of IT products is the same as mentioned above, six defense must pay attention to. Of course, there are some other details of places not mentioned above, such as rodent, waterproof or so. However, in general, as long as we usually stay a few heart, diligent point to take care of maintenance of these network devices, you can order your home, your company, your network of Internet cafes to protect the normal operation of the system.