Integrated management model, there are three typical patterns: patterns of vertical integration, supply chain integration, integration of forms and values. Form of vertical integration is based on the ownership of resources formed the top-down bureaucratic management patterns, forms of organization is hierarchical; supply chain integration pattern is formed on the core strengths of core competence management patterns, forms of organization is a dynamic alliance; form is based on the value of integrated supply chain integration and the formation of cooperative business form, is based on advanced information technology to break through time and space boundaries of the aggregate resources of the open form of social, organizational form is the principal - agent system.
Development of the supply chain, supply chain integration is a "vertical integration" of the abandoned, but also form the basis of the value of integration, supply chain integration, therefore revealing the contents of great significance.
1, supply chain integration is the "vertical integration" of discarded
Contemporary management thought that the competitive enterprise and individual enterprise is not a certain time, a certain space, the competition for some of the terminals, some of the customers one on one going it alone, and not primarily to fight for market share and coverage of the competition, but on product development and design, manufacturing, distribution and distribution, sales and services across time and space in the overall competition, this competition is known as supply chain and supply chain competition.
The past century, the core business to enhance the supply of raw materials, product manufacture and sale of the whole process of effective control, a commonly used product-centric to a "self" type of "vertical integration" management model. But 80 years after the 20th century, in the modern information technology and corporate management of the new trend, driven by the developed countries, nearly 80 percent of enterprises have adopted advanced the 供应 chain thought, on the original model for the transformation, especially DELL, IBM , GE and other enterprises of great success, has greatly promoted the popularity of supply chain management and supply chain management technology, supply chain management is also known as the 21st century management thinking.
Supply chain management originated in logistics management, the development of globalization in manufacturing, 80 in the 20th century, it gradually became a kind of advanced strategic management thinking and proven business management model. In supply chain management, companies are expanding the content, customers receive unprecedented attention, marketing is no longer a simple marketing, customer relationship management but on the basis of a quick response to customer needs in order to enhance customer value activities enterprises and the whole supply chain needs to run from the customers desire, the end is to satisfy customer needs and maximize customer value.
Integration patterns in the supply chain before the leading business management is "vertical integration" model. This model is in production functions in the center of the formation environment, that is the core of the production enterprises in order to strengthen the supply of raw materials, product manufacture and sale of the entire process of Youli control, by investing in the self, holding Deng up in the form of auxiliary enterprises, between them and the core business artificially created a model based on ownership. Under this model the environment in the short size of the slice through the maintenance of a monopoly of the production and development, but in the new economic environment, its fatal flaw manifests itself: the core enterprise a heavy burden, in addition to management of production, the also manage Yuan Liao supply, product sales, and all other economic activities, efficiency of resources 配置 Gao; in production as the core of Zu Zhi Zhong, customer Xuqiufanying out of touch with the production, leading to logistics, information flows through the often distorted Bianxing, the market response to slow; integration of members of the too many business chain is too long, so that enterprises in each business area directly facing the numerous competitors, artificially increases the pressure of competition; core businesses spend a lot of manpower, material and financial resources are not good at engaging in the business, unable to take into account the core competitive management, which lost development opportunities, limiting the improvement of competitiveness, increased business risk.
Since the 80s from the 20th century, industrialized countries 80% of the enterprises started to "vertical integration" model of supply chain transformation. And "vertical integration" The biggest difference is that supply chain integration is a "horizontal integration" model, which is to adapt to the trend of economic globalization, in the "vertical integration" formed on the basis discard a advanced management ideas and management models.
On the one hand, it is the process of formation and perfection of drawing the "vertical integration" model of some reasonable content, such as reducing the probability of opportunism, reduce uncertainty losses, to maintain unity of purpose, technology and logistics integration easy-to-edge resources for the formation of barriers, and so on. This is the transformation of traditional enterprise supply chain basis.
On the other hand, it is "vertical integration" model of product innovation, supply chain management is the modern industrial enterprise as the most advanced management ideas and management models of the value. These innovations to overcome the "vertical integration" model has the structure rigid, slow response, the burden of excessive bureaucratic abuse and made of flexible organizational structure, formed a core competence-based management features integrated network structure the interests of the community; change the "vertical integration" model of the one-way, closure, and improves the information flow, capital flow and logistics, two-way flow of resources between collaborators to achieve a shared and coordinated operations; innovation promote the traditional production-driven "marketing mechanism", has formed a customer-oriented "demand-pull mechanism" to enhance the ability of the market reaction.
Second, supply chain integration, and model the main content
Optimization of existing resources through integration, nurture and strengthen the competitiveness of the supply chain integration goals. Such as "vertical integration" mode of production and market new products, new plants generally need to adjust or re-marketing network, this will definitely increase the investment burden, delay time to market and increase business risk. Supply chain integration, and they can be suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and other enterprises optimize the integration of existing resources, to avoid the development of new products matched with the plant, equipment, marketing, huge investment in network construction, thereby reducing the capital burden. The fastest means of production, through production, distribution links into a value-added products, there is consumer demand to reach the hands of customers, (shorter) time to market, access to market opportunities. This not only reduces costs, reduces the social stock, but also to optimize the allocation of social resources, more importantly, achieved through supply chain integration and effective connectivity of production and sales and logistics, information flow, capital flow and reasonable flow, therefore, Supply chain integration is to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises as a means.
Concentrated focus on core business strengths, for non-core business to deregulation, separation, stripping, outsourcing outsourcing supply chain integration thoughts. Concentrated focus on core business strengths will enable enterprises to effectively avoid because of the business process is too long to bring the competitive risk of non-core business to deregulation, separation, stripping, outsourcing outsourcing allows businesses to the most efficient use of existing community resources reduce input costs, shorten production time, to raise entry speed of the market, gain a competitive advantage to have a reasonable use of cooperative partners of the professional Zi Yuan, increasing customer QOS, increase customer value.
Flexible organizational structure and business process standardization is the basis for supply chain integration and guarantee. Within the enterprise, through the use of TQM (Total Quality Management), JIT (just in time management) to effectively increase production flexibility, lower production costs and improve quality; Outside the enterprise, with partners through the standardization of business processes, shorten the lead time reduce logistics costs, increase market competition and customer service coordination consistency, winning marketing advantage; while the customer into the integrated management system that uses customer relationship management system (CRM), flexible management system (FMS) to improve customer response capacity, enhance customer service levels. If the core business base point, supply chain integration can be seen as the relationship between two docking and fusion. Upstream of the core business is the core business with suppliers and even suppliers of component suppliers supplier partnerships, downstream of the core business is the core business and downstream producers, sellers (distributors, retailers) , consisting of customer relationships end customers. Relationship between these two core businesses through the link in the supply chain, to form an integrated whole.