With the "WTO" after the automobile and auto parts tariffs gradually reduced, the future, "the domestic market, international, international market, domestic oriented," is an inevitable trend.Automotive supply chain management as an integrated management ideas and methods around the core business, the implementation of the supply chain from suppliers to end-users of logistics, information flow, business flow, capital flow planning and control functions in the automotive industryprocess played a very important role, but also increasingly in automobile production operator attention.
However, the automotive supply chain is recognized as the world's most complex supply chain management system in our country and in the fledgling stage, so in practice exposes many problems, it is worth our attention.
Misunderstanding: The understanding of the concept of supply chain deficiencies
Supply chain is the implementation of the procurement of raw materials, convert them into intermediate and finished products, and sell the finished product to the user's function network.The core idea is that supply and demand interaction, information integration, vertical integration.Christopher talked about the famous British economist, this is the case: "The market is not only the supply chain and enterprise."The future of competition must be between supply chains and supply chain competition, rather than business to business competition.
However, in reality, although the manager noted that the supply chain development in the automotive industry played a major role, but also on its global understanding bias exists in varying degrees, the actual operation of the upstream and downstream enterprises in the pursuit of their own profit,not win.On the one hand, the center car assembly plant in the automotive supply chain in a central location, generally has a great voice, often in the automotive supply chain process in order to maximize their own interests, damage upstream and downstream partners.For example, many domestic automobile manufacturers to use the JIT and other more advanced management mode, compared with traditional management methods, most of the cars center of plant management to take advantage of this easier to achieve their own inventory management, but also greatly improved theirInventory turns, saving a lot of inventory management costs.However, JIT mode of long-term production and procurement in arranging the schedule and its lack of side, in order to guard against the risks arising from changes in the main depot is often customary to ask their supporting manufacturers boosted safety stock, or require, in its storage warehouse built aroundto prepare for contingencies, rather than using the supply chain advantage, good vehicle production plans, reduce production fluctuations in the supply chain to reduce overall inventory, achieve win-win situation.Which in practice this part of the management costs indirectly transferred to the upstream; the other hand, supporting manufacturers in a weak position too much for fear of the information disclosed to the center of manufacturers, the price negotiation process interests, whileautomotive supply chain system in the attitudes of some reservations.
The pursuit of supply chain and maximize the benefits of a single individual can not bring the whole supply chain competitive advantage, do not recognize that, far from the economic interests of the community was widely established, the overall competitiveness of the automotive supply chain is also no way to play.
Executive Difficulty: supply chain management varies within each member
Supply chain operations will inevitably involve the participation of members of many enterprises, which the members of the supply chain management as a key factor in normal operation.Automotive supply chain as a typical supply chain management systems in the world, involving upstream suppliers and downstream distributors more, the relationship between supply and demand more closely.In particular, the core of the supply chain as a vehicle center of plant, very frequent interaction with the upstream vendors, local mismanagement will quickly affect the overall operation of the supply chain.
Most of the domestic automobile manufacturers have advanced management techniques as the basis for the relative improvement processes within the system, a high degree of information as the core of the automotive supply chain plays a key role.But the number of upstream and downstream distributors, component suppliers management level is often overlooked.Because components supplier management system is incomplete and problems caused by common supply chain operation.In my experience the car of a supply chain project in the city, beginning on the line supporting the participation of many plants, and its scale is small, relatively poor quality of personnel, most of the voluntary use of information systems is not strong, capital is limited, thedifficult to implement the automotive supply chain is relatively large, resulting in significant project risks.Therefore, without the prior system to enhance internal management, there is no central vendor support for its attention to the daily management of plant and supply chain companies with professional guidance, the supply chain can not be achieved initial success of the project on-line.
Information based: supply chain information asymmetry
Supply chain management as a new mode of operation and management, without the support of information and network technology is incredible.Guo Wei, president of Digital China has the business e-commerce road is divided into four stages: the first is the network infrastructure; second, internal information; and third, that is, one to one interoperability B2B or B2C; fourth,the formation of online communities.Construction of the automotive supply chain similar to the previous three stages.Relatively easy to reach the first stage, second stage is the basis, the third stage is the key factor, the difficulty is greatest.
In the domestic automotive supply chain system, barriers to information exchange is seriously restricting the development of the automotive supply chain.Now, some auto companies have not met the advanced docking system, order direct production, suppliers need to understand other aspects in the production of more information, such as key parts inventory information, to arrange production plan.On the other hand, the automotive supply chain there are very weak information base of many companies, the interactive information prone to faults.To the above mentioned project as an example of automotive supply chain, the center works relatively high degree of information, also has considerable management infrastructure.But its upstream and downstream partner is not optimistic.Many suppliers still in the stage of manual management, information technology tools used only in electronic form; or just part of some departments use the information system.Integrated within the major problems still exist with the external supply chain information exchange with other enterprises more difficult.
Environmental constraints: external automotive supply chain
Robert Eastman American supply chain experts have pointed out in his article: "China's supply chain management today faces several major challenges: weak infrastructure, fragmented distribution system disorder, a serious local protectionism, lack of third-party capacity."The development of a third party logistics point of view, with the continued refinement of social division of labor, companies pay more attention on their core competitiveness, supply chain, not only suppliers, producers, distributors, logistics providers also include third-partysupply chain logistics has become an indispensable one.However, in the home, on the one hand due to "large", "small" mode of operation of business and logistics needs of insufficient effective demand.On the other hand, due to uneven third party logistics, information technology foundation is weak, the integration of services is poor, effective supply is also inadequate.These are seriously hampering the development of the automotive supply chain.
However, we can see the end of 2001 China joined the World Trade Organization, these problems are gradually improving.Companies should still pay attention to Lianhaoneigong.
Outlook
With China's rapid economic development, the automotive supply chain is bound to be more and more people's attention.Looking from the perspective of now, there are four points is the inevitable trend of development.First, the supply chain side of the business will gradually accustomed to standing on the angle of view of the global automotive supply chain, supply chain and realize that the integration process of the body, concerned about the supply chain, attach equal importance to the thing itself, while the concept of the human mindtransformation; Second, sufficient to build competitive supply chain system, the enterprise management system is the basis for improvement, this will be the business community consensus.Third, in the automotive supply chain, technology base, that is the construction of information within and outside the enterprise side of Internet technology will be more widely used.With advanced management information systems and network technology, resources can be more widely shared, the exchange of information is faster, the further advantage of the supply chain to create the conditions to play.Fourth, as China's reform and opening up, the automotive supply chain is bound to gradually improve the external environment for its development and create more favorable conditions.