First, an overview of green supply chain management
(A) the origin of green supply chain
First to propose the green supply chain management is 70 years in the 20th century, when the study only as an aspect of logistics management put forward. Large-scale, conscious of green logistics in the 20th century, early 90's. In 1994, Weber studied the environmental impact of some products, recommended the adoption of environmental criteria to select the appropriate raw materials, focusing on recycling, and put forward the concept of green procurement. Michigan State University's Manufacturing Research Association in the United States National Science Foundation 400 thousand U.S. dollars in funding to carry out the "environmentally responsible manufacturing" study, a green supply chain as an important research content, and in 1996 proposed the concept of green supply chain . Green supply chain at the time included only two meanings of environmental protection and energy conservation, is to use the least energy, most green materials to create the most environmentally friendly products.
(B) the definition of green supply chain management
Supply chain refers to raw material suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, users form the chain structure, channel or network. Each link in the supply chain from raw material acquisition to product manufacturing, transportation, use process would produce waste, serious environmental pollution, threats to human health and ecological balance.
Green supply chain management, also known as environmental awareness supply chain management, it takes into account all aspects of the supply chain environment, with attention to the protection of the environment, promote the coordinated development of economy and environment. Green supply chain management on the exact definition of the current theorists have not a single statement, but the general point of view is defined on the basis of supply chain management, increasing environmental awareness, the "no waste no pollution" and "no Any bad ingredients "and" without any side-effects "throughout the entire supply chain, this is the green supply chain management. Second, green supply chain operations reference model
Supply Chain Operations Reference model (SCOR) is the most influential, the most widely used reference model. Evaluation and improvement of enterprises can internal and external business processes, so that strategic business management possible. The model is divided into five parts supply chain: planning, procurement, manufacturing, delivery, and reverse logistics.
Green supply chain model from the overall development of the whole supply chain is divided into areas of green supply chain programs, purchasing links, create links, links and reverse logistics delivery links should be followed in every part of the requirements of green manufacturing, the entire supply chain management as a green system.
(A) develop plans to link the green supply chain
Green supply chain is based on the traditional supply chain, and with the combination technology, control technology and network technology and other new applications, whose objectives include the rational use of resources, reduce costs and reduce to the environment heavily polluted. Weile achieve these objectives, need to design, manufacture, assembly, packaging, transport, use to recovery after retirement Chu Li, the supply chain of each link are fully consider the resources and Huan Jing issues in order to achieve optimal use of resources and maximize the De reduce environmental pollution.
As the primary link in the green supply chain planning sectors, mainly to consider the production of products, both within the enterprise or, and in associated enterprises and users should consider resource use and environmental impact. Core business, as the chain's most important business, need to design a new mode of operation of the supply chain, from the design of the source, to procurement, production, sales and recycling, and waste disposal, the introduction of the concept of green, so full plan to eliminate any form of pollution and waste.
(B) green supply chain, procurement links
Green procurement, quality control is in the original standard, the standard price of comparable basis, to join the green standard, which requires suppliers in the market when the use of green materials, green technology, implementation materials, energy conservation, to achieve source control, meet the public demand for environmentally friendly products, improving product competitiveness.
1. Green Supplier Management
Supplier selection and evaluation of the original level by including technology, product quality, production capacity, price, location, reliability, service, delivery and other indicators of and Rouxing Jiayi assessment and management, should now join the green element of assessment determine the priority in the procurement of green supply mechanism. At this stage, need to consider whether the supplier has the polluting materials, manufacturing process whether it is clean, it can save energy during transportation and other factors. The management of green suppliers to fully reflect the requirements of the end products, combined with the practical difficulties of suppliers, helping suppliers develop parts of the production environment to improve the program to ensure suppliers meet environmental conditions of production of green standards to minimize product damage to the environment, in order to achieve the manufacturing side, customers and the environment, "win."
2. The implementation of integrated development and the establishment of Integrated Supply Management
Development of green supply chain integration is the core business and strategic supplier partnerships, this partnership will help to improve communication between the two sides to achieve common aspirations and goals, risks, and shared interests, to participate in product and process development. Now require suppliers from the design stage, to determine the mechanism of green manufacturing, green products to ensure that the level of increase.
The establishment of integrated supply management is to focus on core businesses and suppliers together to design a can to minimize the cost of the integrated supply mode, establish an information sharing platform, supply and demand sides can share the inventory data, information, information sharing to avoid potential costs asymmetric loss of decision-making. Supply and demand a high degree of sharing of information both to ensure the accuracy of supply and demand information and real time, both sides Shengchanjihua, inventory, quality and other aspects 信息 all OK timely exchange, Yibian problems when able in time, formed a manufacturing and supplier of collaborative management, significantly improve the efficiency of procurement and supply.
(C) green supply chain, manufacturing sectors
Green supply chain and manufacturing links refer not only to manufacture, process, it is a include product design, material selection, processing, logistics design, packaging design and product demolition process large manufacturing concepts.
1. Green Design
Green design, also known as eco-design, environmental design. The basic idea is: will environmental factors in the design stage and pollution prevention measures into the product designs, the environmental performance of a product's design goals and starting point, strive to make products for the least impact on the environment. In terms of industrial design, green design is the "3R", that is to reduce raw material, re-use, materials recycling, not only to reduce material and energy consumption, reduce harmful emissions, and to make products and components to easily waste separation and recycling or reuse.
The main elements of green design include: green product design material selection and management; product design for disassembly; products, recyclable design.
2. Cleaner Production
Clean production is continuing to take improved design, use of clean energy and raw materials, use of advanced technology and equipment, improve management, comprehensive utilization, reduce pollution at source, improving resource efficiency, reduce or avoid manufacturing, services and products Use the process of production and emission of pollutants, to reduce or eliminate human health and the environment.
The definition of cleaner production process control includes two full: the whole production process and product lifecycle. The production process, the clean production, including conservation of raw materials and energy, eliminating toxic raw materials, and all emissions and wastes from the production process prior to the maximum extent possible to reduce their emissions and toxicity. On products, cleaner production aims to reduce the product life cycle process products from raw materials extraction to final disposal of human and environmental impact.
(D) the delivery of green supply chain links
Delivery of green supply chain is actually a part of the delivery process. It consists of two elements: First, from the core business (manufacturers) to the distributor or retailer of the process; second is from the distributor or retailer to the consumer process.
(5) Green reverse logistics supply chain links
Reverse logistics refers to material from the product point of consumption (including end-users and supply chain on the client) to the point of origin of the physical flow process of planning, implementation and control. Reverse Logistics covers the re-use materials and goods all the activities, collection, dismantling and disposal of used products, parts or raw materials so that they effectively re-use. By cause, channels, and disposal of different forms for different industries, reverse logistics has been divided into the complaints return, return end-use, commercial return, repair return, production scrap and substandard goods, and packaging six major categories. The logistics process includes product recovery, testing and classification, maintenance, split and re-processing, scrap processing steps. To achieve the basic green supply chain management approach
Green barriers facing the EU, we must fundamentally understand the Chinese manufacturing industry of green supply chain management, the urgency, the only way to truly provide a good business development proposals. Therefore, to achieve Green Supply Chain Management can be from the following aspects of thought and action:
(A) strengthening internal management
Strengthen internal management, on the one hand re-thinking, design and change the environment in the old form of the functions carried out by the operation and evaluation mechanism, the establishment of effective business processes across functional departments to reduce the production process the waste of resources, energy conservation and reduce environmental pollution. The other hand, business leaders and employees to strengthen the environmental awareness of the positive economic goals, environmental goals and social goals properly considered together with the supply chain, implementing green procurement to minimize the damage to the environment products.
(B) strengthening environmental management of suppliers
Process for suppliers of green supply a higher demand. First, according to the manufacturer's own resources and capabilities, strategic goals of the evaluation, where appropriate, set targets to be able to fully reflect the strategic intent of the manufacturer. Second, the emphasis suppliers and manufacturers in the enterprise culture and management philosophy for the recognition of environmental protection, which is the supply chain formed a strategic partnership among members of the foundation; Finally, the comparability between the supplier, this will help in number of potential suppliers more preferred.
(C) to strengthen consumer awareness of the user environment
From the low level of per capita possession of resources, resource load weight, pressure angle, full understanding of green consumption to sustainable development. The development of green consumption can reduce consumer behavior consumer terminal damage to the environment, contain extensive producers in the business, which will help to achieve our social and economic sustainable development goals. Meanwhile, the development of green consumption can not only pollution from the consumption of high-quality objects to improve the quality of people's consumption and physical health, but also in the process of consumption through the transformation of ideas, behavior changes, improve the masses of the green, green consumption and sustainable development understanding.
(D) strengthen the management of environmental enforcement
As an enterprise's technological level and the funds are relatively limited, enterprises in order to save costs, the production process will make the appropriate modifications, but due to customs, experience, technology, equipment and capital and most of the changes is the Enterprise Productive Way You Xian of, or the effect can not be well investigated. Even if some companies is good, like a large transformation of the production process, saving resources and energy and reducing environmental pollution, are unwilling to take risks. Some enterprises in pursuit of short-term benefits, even despite the pollution. Then the power of the whole society to participate to. Extensive law enforcement agencies to publicize environmental protection, both to the corporate decision makers and the green marketing concept representations to consumers the importance of ecological information for different objects, a non-spam-style education and training.
IV Conclusion
Implementation of green supply chain management is an enterprise of the 21st century the greatest opportunity for significant economic benefits. It can change our business a long time only focused on economic growth in quantity, while ignoring the environmental damage, leading to the status of environmental pollution. Implementation of green supply chain management can maximize the efficiency of resource use, reducing resource consumption, the fewer resources per capita in China, with long-term economic and social benefits.