Supply chain to minimize the overall operating cost is the supply chain, the ultimate goal of cost control.In view of supply chain inventory costs account for the proportion of the total cost of the supply chain up to 30%, effective management of supply chain inventory node enterprises of great significance.Therefore, planning and coordination and management of inventory in the supply chain to minimize inventory costs become an important tool.
First, the existing supply chain, inventory, management of the four modes
Supply chain inventory management based on subject and content of different, mainly in the following four modes:
(A) of the traditional inventory management
In this mode, inventory management, supply chain inventory management of enterprises of each node is fragmented, fragmentation.Each supply chain node, the enterprise has its own inventory and manage their own inventory, has its own inventory control and inventory management strategies, and another closed.Supply chain inventory management model is based on the traditional transaction-level above the static from order-driven single-stage-managed inventory approach.Company stock held by each node to determine the basis for most of its downstream businesses is only the orders of the various communication and coordination mechanism between enterprises not only to decision-making according to the order stock holdings, narrow channels of access to information and inadequate.Businesses each node to achieve the optimal inventory management efforts, it is easy to produce the bullwhip effect. To demand changes to expand, resulting in increased business costs.
(B) of the VMI model
VMI model is a supplier and its downstream nodes in the full communication and coordination between enterprises based on a cooperative inventory management strategy.First, each node in the supply chain enterprises to reach a common agreement framework.The framework agreement of cooperation for both inventory management costs are the lowest in this agreement and the management of the inventory control to the supplier.The common agreement is the basis for bilateral cooperation, and changes in internal and external environment will lead to mutual agreement, one way or another the shortcomings and problems, so this common protocol to be regular monitoring and correction.So that it changes constantly adapt to the new environment.Joint implementation of the agreement to be strict supervision, and then not seriously improve the scientific implementation of the agreement, the cooperation will not continue.VMI model is a proxy decision-making model, based on consultation and cooperation throughout the supply chain, the ultimate goal of cooperation in both the lowest inventory management costs.VMI model is a strategic collaboration between trading partners, strategy, decision-making agent is a stock model.
(C) Joint inventory management
Joint inventory management model is a kind of vendor managed inventory model developed on the basis of a new inventory management model, it changes the model vendor vendor inventory management inventory management of the right to hold the balance of upstream and downstream enterprisescorporate rights and responsibilities, sharing the risks.Joint inventory management model embodies a strategic new business alliance supplier relationship, supply chain highlighted the mutually beneficial cooperation between the two sides.
Joint inventory management to emphasize that each node in the supply chain companies in the same time, to formulate plans and strategies inventory, supply chain managers in each stock from the coordination between all considerations, to maintain the supply chain between the nodesInventory management consistent with the expected demand, eliminating the demand variability amplification.To determine the needs of any adjacent nodes are the result of both supply and demand coordination, inventory management is no longer the independent operation of their own way, but the connection between supply and demand bonds and coordination center.
(D) collaborative supply chain inventory management
Collaborative supply chain inventory management model is a collaborative supply chain inventory management techniques, the establishment of the joint inventory management and vendor managed inventory model based on the best grading practices, but abandoned both the lack of supply chain integrationother major drawback to reduce distributor inventory levels, increase the supplier's sales.It uses a series of treatment processes and technical models, rough cover the entire supply chain process, through co-management of business processes and share information to improve suppliers distributors and partnerships.Improve forecast accuracy, and ultimately to achieve greater supply chain efficiencies, reduce inventory and improve customer satisfaction purposes.Collaborative supply chain inventory management and the biggest advantage is energy, time to accurately predict or abnormal by the various promotional measures to bring about changes in the sales peaks and fluctuations, so that distributors and suppliers are fully prepared, and gain the initiative.Collaborative supply chain inventory management model adopted a win-win principle, and always from a global point of view, to develop a unified management objectives and the implementation of programs to inventory management as the core, taking into account other aspects of supply chain management.Therefore, collaborative supply chain inventory management model is more conducive to broader and deeper among Huoban, to help develop customer-oriented framework for cooperation, production planning based on sales reports, thereby eliminating the supply chain process constraints.
Second, the four stocks were pepper-like comparative analysis of management
Supply chain inventory management under completely different from the traditional inventory management, it is not a simple demand and supply forecast demand, but through inventory management enables users to access high-quality services to enable enterprise profit optimization, inventory management objectives hada huge change.Enterprises through the supply chain inventory management to achieve the objectives include evaluation of inventory strategies using a variety of indicators, the accuracy of the different effects produced by changes; decided to stock the supply chain when the different nodes of all aspects of business; in full knowledge of stock statuscontext to determine the appropriate level of service.Through to customers, production, transportation and other resources, the balance of advantage, companies in the supply chain uncertainty arising out of, delay of effective risk identification, mitigation and control.
Each node in the supply chain enterprises in high and low degree, we can see that supply chain inventory management model of the evolution process, from initial simple transaction processing to the enterprise collaborative planning decisions, and then gradually shifted to the overall supply chain inventory management up.Inventory throughout the supply chain is no longer part of the supply chain of a business or core business, its management control over the whole supply chain collaborative planning by the decision.The transfer of control of that inventory in the supply chain separation of ownership and control to ensure the inventory supply chain collaboration from the system main idea, and then ensure that the overall inventory cost reduction, risk reduction and supply chain stability.Further supply chain inventory management comparative analysis will be more clearly identify the overall supply chain inventory management and better content management.
The above analysis can be found, the current supply chain inventory management of the existence of the following characteristics and weaknesses: With the increased awareness of the supply chain, inventory management, supply chain research gradually from simple to complex, from decentralized supply chainthe integrated supply chain development. more and more attention node enterprise supply chain coordination and cooperation.But this part of the research still in its infancy, but the cost of inventory at all stages were optimized: the whole supply chain does not give the optimal inventory costs, not fully taking into account the information on supply chain inventory, ordering policies, inventory policiesand customer needs Dengjun become public information, which determine the optimal supply chain inventory costs are much lower.With the rapid development of the Internet and the introduction of electronic data exchange, information sharing will gradually become a reality.Thus, the information into the inventory cost modeling is imperative.Model of reality to do too much abstraction, ignoring uncertainty on inventory costs.Almost all of the inventory cost models can be "the average customer order fill rate" as a measure of the quality of care standards for customer service, and order response time, average out the number and out of time and other more important criteria have been neglected.In addition, few scholars take into account when modeling the flexible supply chain problems, failed to JIT, supply chain delays and other technologies to effectively integrate into the supply chain inventory cost control model.Reengineering of the process and well implemented, can bring its own range of interests.
Seeking a more reasonable inventory system, will be to maintain the stability of supply chain inventory is running an important way.Supply chain system to explore the spatial dimensions (that is the system how to expand the cooperation between people), will also supply chain inventory management has important implications, such as inventory management in order to establish vendor model, the user must consider the establishment ofan appropriate outsourcing strategy, because the supplier inventory management functions will be transferred to inventory suppliers, inventory, outsourcing usually depends on the user's own relationship with suppliers, and even a collection of relationships with suppliers.And the coordination of relationships in the supply chain need to establish an effective incentive and restraint mechanisms to the main supply chain of private behavior, such as opportunistic behavior.